Unani medicine is ancient Greek medicine that has evolved within the Muslim world for the past 13 centuries (Unani is an Arabic spelling of Ionian, meaning Greek). Greek medicine, greatly simplified for presentation here, was based on the concept of balancing body humors.
They either fell out of balance, which might yield diseases (depending on circumstances), or were restored to balance to heal diseases. The system involved four elements, thus differing from the Ayurvedic system of three doshas and the Chinese system of five elements. The original Greek and the resulting Unani systems involve these four elements: earth, air, water, and fire; along with four natures: cold, hot, wet, and dry; and four humors.
Unani drug, similar to Western prescription (which additionally emerged from the Greek foundation) owes its start to Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) and his various supporters. Other Greek restorative bosses, for example, Dioscorides and Galen, who we perceive as the precursors of Western home grown drug, are likewise viewed as organizers of Unani medication.
The appropriation of Greek drug into the Islamic culture was portrayed by Husain F. Nagamia MD, Chairman International Institute of Islamic Medicine, and previous President of the Islamic Medical Association, as emerging in the old city of Jundishapur (close to Baghdad). The planning of occasions is depicted in connection to manage of caliphs, the common and strict pioneers of Muslim states, who are viewed as successors of Mohammed:
Jundishapur (or 'Gondeshapur') was a city in Khuzistan established by a Sasnid Emperor Shapur I (241-272 A.D.) before the appearance of Islam. It was to settle Greek prisoners....The town was taken by Muslims during the caliphate of Hadrat Umar, by Abu Musa Al-Ashari in 738 A.D. As of now it previously had an entrenched clinic and medicinal school.
It was during the Abbasid Caliphate (754-775 A.D.) that Caliph al-Mansur, the originator of the city of Baghdad, welcomed the then leader of the Jundishapur School to treat him. This doctor was Jirjis Bukhtishu, a Christian whose name signified 'Jesus has spared.' He treated the Caliph effectively and got selected to the court. He didn't remain for all time in Baghdad, coming back to Jundishapur before his passing, however the movement to Baghdad had started.
In this way, his child Jibrail Bukhtishu set up his training in the city and turned into a conspicuous doctor [he was welcome to head the primary Islamic medical clinic, worked under bearing of the Caliph]. Another family that relocated from Jundishapur to Baghdad was that of Masawayh, who went at the greeting of Caliph Harun-ul-Rashid (786-809 A.D.) and turned into an acclaimed ophthalmologist. Generally acclaimed among his three children who were all doctors was Yuhanna ibn Masawayh (known as Mesue Senior in the West).
He composed productively and 42 works are ascribed to him [he likewise made an interpretation of the Greek works into Arabic]. At this point (the eighth century A.D.) the acclaim of Baghdad started to ascend as did the political intensity of the caliphate. Numerous emergency clinics and medicinal focuses were built up and huge scholarly movement was recorded. This finished into the time of Islamic Renaissance and the brilliant period of Islamic Medicine… ..
Perhaps the biggest emergency clinic at any point constructed was the Mansuri Hospital in Cairo, finished in 1248 AD under the standard of the Mameluke leader of Egypt, Mansur Qalaun… .The Mansuri Hospital had its very own drug store, library and auditoriums. There was additionally a mosque for Muslim patients and a house of prayer for Christian patients.
The most compelling verifiable figure in this brilliant time of Unani prescription was Avicenna (980-1037 A.D.), conceived in Kharmaitan. He started contemplating medication at 13 years old and began treating patients three years after the fact. He increased an awesome notoriety, to such an extent that the leader of the Samanid Empire (in what is currently Iran), Nuh ibn Mansur (rule: 976-997A.D.), searched him out to treat an ailment that was fruitlessly treated by his court doctors. Avicenna was fruitful and remained on as court doctor; be that as it may, the Empire before long fell, and Avicenna turned into a meandering doctor and instructor. In the long run, he moved to Hamadan (in west-focal Iran), where he filled in as a court doctor.
He started composing a few deals with reasoning and medication, and, through further political change, wound up in Isfahan, where he had the option to finish his books. He kicked the bucket before long, while filling in as a court doctor on a military battle back to Hamadan, enduring a sickness he was not able fix. His compositions included various subjects, for example, arithmetic, stargazing, topography, and rationale. His most significant restorative work was The Canon of Medicine (Qunun), which stayed an esteemed book all through Europe and the mid-East for a few centuries after his demise.
Ajmal Khan was conceived in India in 1864, and is commonly recognized to be the most critical twentieth Century supporter of Unani drug in India. His life in India was something to that effect of Mohammed Said's in Pakistan; both were helpful people of the principal request who became significant pioneers and were versed in medication, yet in other scholarly zones, with an exceptional enthusiasm for giving instructive chances.
Ajmal Khan originated from the renowned Sharif Khani group of Delhi, known best for his incredible granddad who made a gigantic commitment in keeping alive the two age-old local restorative frameworks of India-Unani and Ayurveda when these frameworks were in decay because of across the board presentation of Western prescription by India's British rulers.
Ajmal Khan set up the Hindustani Dawakhana in Delhi in 1905 (photograph underneath right, as it was during the 1930s) to fabricate Unani and Ayurvedic prescriptions (in this way, it was established at about a similar time and in a similar city as Hamdard was established by Abdul Majid). The dispensary took out licenses for 84 home grown recipes. From the 1930s through 1960s, the Dawakhana utilized up to 300 specialists; today, it is in genuine deterioration, and there are calls to save it as a grand recorded structure.
Three years after founding the Hundisutani Dawakhana, Ajmal Kahn started a Unani Medical School for Women, and after many years more of hard work he helped establish Jamia Millia Islamia (National Islamic Univeristy, in Delhi) and also established the Ayurvedic and Unani Tibba College (pictured above left), inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1921. These organizations were partly funded by the proceeds from the Dawakhana. Ajmal Khan also worked politically in close association with Mahatma Gandhi as well as Motilal Nehru and many others and emerged to be a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity. As a result, in 1921 he also rose to become the President of Indian National Congress.
The herb Rauwolfia serpentina, which Ajmal Kahn had used extensively, was analyzed under his supervision, with the contribution of Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiquil, the primary research scientist. This work eventually led to the production of modern drugs of great importance, such as reserpine (a sedative and antihypertensive agent that was highly effective, though no longer available in North America). Another compound isolated that has anti-arrhythmia activity is named Ajmaline, in commemoration of Ajmal Khan, who died at the end of 1927 after having lived a life of great accomplishments.
An Ajmal Khan Memorial Society has been set up. A book about his life and works has been written in English by Zafar Ahmad. An honor given to devoted doctors of highest caliber (in Ayurvedic, Unani, or Allopathic medications) and for excellent producers of Ayurvedic and Unani meds in India is named after Ajmal Khan and granted by the Memorial Society. One of the beneficiaries of the honor, Universal Medicaments, gives therapeutic materials to ITM.
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